Bioactive Glass Co-Doped with Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antibacterial Efficiency and Biocompatibility

Abstract

Bioactive Glasses Are Renowned For Their Osteoconductive And Regenerative Properties, Yet Their Clinical Utility Is Limited By Insufficient Antibacterial Performance. Several Researches Have Demonstrated That One Significant Strategy To Enhance The Antibacterial Efficacy Of Bgs Is The Incorporation Of Metal And Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Out Of Which Silver Nanoparticle Is The Prominent. But It Has Been Observed Doping Of Bgs With Ag Nps As A Single Dopant Lacks Balance Between Antibacterial Efficiency And Biocompatibility. Green Synthesis Of Ag And Zno Nanoparticles Using Plant-Based Reducing Agents Offers An Eco-Friendly Alternative To Conventional Methods, Minimizing Toxic Byproducts While Enhancing The Biocompatibility And Antibacterial Functionality Of The Resulting Bioactive Glass Materials. This Study Presents A Co-Doping Strategy To Enhance The Antibacterial Efficacy Of Bgs Without Causing A Major Impact On Biocompatibility By Incorporating Silver And Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Via An Eco-Friendly Route Using Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaf Extract. The Structural And Morphological Properties Of The Synthesized Bgs Were Characterized By Xrd, Ftir, Sem, And Bet Analysis. Results Confirmed The Successful Incorporation Of Ag And Zno Without Inducing Crystallinity, Maintaining The Amorphous Glass Structure. Among The Samples, The 2wt% Ag And 2wt% Zno Nanoparticles Co-Doped Bg Sample (Bg3) Exhibited The Highest Specific Surface Area (197.8914 M2/G), Pore Size (2.5316nm) And Pore Volume (0.21671), Correlating With Enhanced In Vitro Bioactivity And Biodegradability. Mtt Assays Revealed Cell Viabilities Above 70% For All Samples, Confirming Biocompatibility. Antibacterial Performance Evaluation Against Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherichia Coli Via The Disc Diffusion Method Demonstrated That The Co-Doped Bg3 Exhibited Enhanced Antibacterial Activity With Zoi Values Of 15.2 ?? 0.2 Mm For E. Coli And 18.9 ?? 0.7 Mm For S. Aureus Without Compromising Biocompatibility. Results Confirmed That The Co-Doped Bgs Exhibited A Significantly Larger Zone Of Inhibition Compared To Undoped Samples, Indicating Strong Antibacterial Effects.