Spatial Distribution Analysis of Crime against Person and Property Using GIS and Crime Stat, A case of Addis Ketema sub city, Addis Ababa

Abstract

Crime can be either personal or property. A key component to tackle crime problems involves the analysis of where crimes took place. The location of crime is an important factor for crime mapping and analyzing. This study mainly focus on Spatial Distribution Analysis of crime against person and property using GIS and crime stat, in Addis Ketema Sub city. The study specifically focus on identification of crime hotspot site. Various data such as Crime incidents (4 years), Master plan and Population number were employed to map crime. Using the abovementioned data, spatial analysis techniques (i.e. Spatial ellipse, Area (Choropleth) Mapping, Grid thematic Mapping, Point Density and KDE) Crime Hotspot were identified. Further, the analysis of crime incident with respect to land use were also studied and the result shows highest crime rate in Commercial (32.04 %) followed by Mixed (27.04 %) then, service (18.24 %) were more prone to crime. Whereas, very least at Manufacturing and storage (2.96 %) and negligible amount at open space (1.85%) and that of residential (8.33%) and Environment (9.54%) were intermediate site. Woreda number 7 and 8 were identified as hotspot site for crime incidents. On the other hand, the remaining Woreda are less vulnerable to crime incidents. The research is taken to the next level by employing Prediction Accuracy index to identify the best technique for Mapping Hotspot. The analysis of PAI shows that KDE has the highest potential of (6.074) to identify Crime Hotspot followed by other techniques such as Grid Mapping (3.126); STAC (2.569), Point density (2.052) and Area Mapping (1.870). Besides, the relationship between land use, population and crime incident were also analyzed. Thus, the Hotspot area of crime incidents found in 43475.23 -56700.94 population density range and in Commercial, Mixed and Service land use type. The result of study can be improved by utilizing high-resolution Crime data.