Isolation Of Bioactive Compounds From Ekebergia Capensis, Catha Edulis And Premna Resinosa For Antimicrobials Activity Test

Abstract

Biofilm is the association of microbial cells that attach on extracellular polymeric substance matrix. Using complex mechanisms produced by specialized genes, biofilm members can communicate, exchange experience and virulence factors with each other a phenomenon which called quorum sensing. The main objective of this study was to Isolate bioactive compounds from locally available medicinal plants for their, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities. E. capensis, C.edulis and P. resinosa were collected from Oromia region North Shewa Kuyu woreda. The collected samples were dried and made powder. The powder was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol for 72h at room temperature. All extracts were tested for antimicrobials, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities. Antibiofilm were tested by test tube and swarming motility test methods and anti-quorum sensing were tested by disk diffusion and flask incubation test for violence inhibition production methods. QS inhibitory effect of extract on milk spoilage by Pseudomonas species and toxicity studies of extracts on leech were carried out. The overall yield of E. capensis, P. resinosa and C. edulis ethyl acetate extract were 1.72%, 0.90%, and 1.47%. The results indicate ethyl acetate extract of E. capensis and its three purified compounds exhibited strongest antimicrobials, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity. The antimicrobials activity of extract against S. aureus, C. albicans zone of inhibition ranged between 4-20mm. Strong biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, when 10mg/ml of extract inhibited biofilm formation by S. aureus. Anti-swarming activities were shown by 10mg/ml of extract on P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and 10mg/ml extract showed highest inhibition of violacein production, 72. 6% on S. aureus and, when 67.74%, 69.35%, were shown by P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, respectively. Similarly, extract of E. capensis prevent spoilage of milk by Pseudomonas species. In addition, the extracts toxicity on leech show positive results. Taken together, this finding suggests ethyl acetate extract and its purified compounds from bark of E. capensis exhibit strong antimicrobials, anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing activity and prevent spoilage of milk value to food product. This was useful to manage infection as diseases caused by biofilm forming microorganisms.