Fuzzy-PID Controller Modeling and Simulation for Optimization of Cell Equalization in Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

In Recent Years, Electric Vehicles Have Drawn A Lot Of Interest Because They Offer A More Environmentally Friendly, Efficient, And Sustainable Form Of Transportation Than Traditional Fossil Fuel-Powered Vehicles. As The Most Significant Part Of The Electric Car Powertrain, Lithium-Ion Batteries Need To Be Accurately Monitored And Controlled. The Mass Market Manufacture Of Electric Vehicles Is Still Beset With Numerous Difficulties, Such As High Battery Costs, Safety Concerns, And Lifespan Issues. Lifespan Of Lithium Ion Battery Deteriorate Over Time Because Of Cell Misbalancing During Charging And Discharge Cycle. Researchers Have Been Working On Ways To Balance The Energy Levels Of Individual Cells Within A Battery Pack. They Have Developed A Method Called Active Balancing, Which Involves Using Cuk Circuits To Transfer Energy Between Cells And Make Sure They Have Similar Charge Levels. To Control Energy, Transfer Process, They Have Used A Type Of Computer Logic Called Fuzzy Logic. It Improves Time Efficiency By More Than 30% And Energy Efficiency By Over 11% Compared To Other Methods Like The Mean Difference Algorithm In Both Static (Steady) And Charge-Discharge Scenarios. This Study Describes An Active Cell Balancing Method For A Series Connected Battery Pack Of Lithium-Ion Cells Using A Fuzzy-Pid Controller. The Battery Model Is Created Using The Equivalent Circuit Model Method; The Battery Is Built On The Second-Order Rc Equivalent Circuit (Ecm, 2rc), Which Represents The Dynamic Change In The Battery During ChargeAnd Discharge. The Coulomb Counting Method Is Used To Estimate Each Cell's Soc, And Two Mosfet Switches Are Employed?�?One Is Turned On When A Cell Is Being Charged, And Discharged.The Algorithm Detects A 10%(55%, 50%, 45%, And 47%) Change In The State Of Charge (Soc) Value Below This Threshold, Which Prompts The Fuzzy-Pid Controller To Use Pulse Width Modulation (Pwm) To Initiate The Cuk Equalization Circuit And To Verify The Created Model's Performance, It Is Simulated Using Matlab. The Balancing Mechanism Is Controlled By A Fuzzy-Pid Controller That Is Designed. It Is Found That The Fuzzy-Pid Controllers Responds Faster 350 Seconds (5.8 Min~6Min), 425 Seconds (7 Min) And 390 Seconds (6.5min) To Balance Four-Battery Pack State-Of-Charge Batteries During Charge State, Discharge And Static State Respectively. For Four-Battery Pack Fuzzy Pid Controllers Take 390 Seconds And Have An 11.56% Faster Balancing Time Than Fuzzy Logic Controller Which Is Shows That A Fuzzy-Pid Control Method Can Self-Adapt To Save Energy (3.48% When Compared To The Fuzzy Logic Controller).