University- Industry Linkage for Technology Transfer in Case of Some Selected Public Universities in Ethiopia

Abstract

This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of university-industry (U-I) linkages and technology transfer (TT) by integrating international best practices with an in-depth analysis of selected Ethiopian public universities. By synthesizing literature from countries such as the U.S., Germany, Japan, South Korea, China, Brazil, Thailand, and Africa, the research was identified that effective U-I linkages are supported by strong institutional frameworks like the U.S. Bayh-Dole Act and Germany’s Fraunhofer Society. The study was further examined Ethiopia’s institutional framework through reviewing policies such as the Ethiopian Science and Technology Policy (1993) and the Ethiopian Innovation and Technology Transfer Policy (2018), and assessed what actually practiced at Addis Ababa University (AAU), Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU), Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU), and Ambo University (AU). Using a mixed-methods design, including interviews with key informants and surveys of 240 academic staff, the research was identified significant barriers to effective UIL and TT, such as inconsistent policy implementation, fragmented organizational structures, and limited industry engagement. Analysis employing ANOVA and multiple regression reveals that education levels, university types, and proximity to the center notably affect UIL and TT outcomes. Joint research projects and infrastructural development are positively associated with successful technology transfer, whereas academic collaboration alone does not significantly impact TT. The findings highlight the need for improved policy enforcement, better alignment with national strategies, enhanced industry partnerships, and more effective technology transfer frameworks. Addressing these challenges is crucial for strengthening Ethiopian universities' institutional frameworks and advancing technological innovation and economic growth.