Analyzing The Magnitude Of Drought Using Geospatial Technology: The Case Of Yabello District, Borane Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Drought Is One Of The Major Environmental Disasters, Which Have Been Occurring In Almost All In The Planning And Management Analyzing Drought Impacts From The Perspectives Of Environments And Agricultural Sectors Is An Essential Requirement. Now A Day, In Addition To Using Meteorological Data To Analyze Drought In A Region, Geospatial Technologies Such As Remote Sensing (RS) And Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Have Emerged As Important Tools For Identifying And Analyzing Agricultural Drought Because They Provide Remarkable Data Across A Range Of Spatial And Temporal Scales. The District Of Yabello In Ethiopia, Where This Study Was Carried Out, Affected By Recurring Meteorological And Agricultural Droughts Impacts. Therefore, Study Focused On Analyzing The Magnitude Of Drought Through Quantifying Rain Fall Data And Vegetation Variation Data In Yabello District By Help Of Geospatial Technology. Monthly Total Precipitation, Maximum And Minimum Monthly Temperatures And Landsat5, Landsat7, And Landsat8 Satellite Images Of 28 Years Was The Data Used In The Study From 1994 To 2022 Years. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) And Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) At The 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, And 12-Month Scales Calculated Using Hargreaves Method. For This, Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) And Cohen's Kappa Statistics Examined The Linear Relationship And Degree Of Agreement Between Spi And Spei, Respectively. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Anomaly (Ndvi), Devndvi, And Vegetative Condition Index(Vci) From Landsat Data Quantified Agricultural Drought Maps And Combined With 2-Month And 12-Monthspi / SPEI Maps Generated By Idw Model To Obtain Overall Drought Hazard Map Of District For 28 Years Of Study. Finding Of This Research Revealed The High, Positive, And Statistically Significant Correlation Between SPI And SPEI, Ranged From 0.554 To 0.912 At P<0.001 Using 95%O Confidence Interval. Also, Cohen???S Kappa Statistics Result Indicated A Statistically Fair To Substantial ((0.2???0.8) Degree Of Agreement Between SPI And SPEI In All Investigated Time Scales At P < 0.01. Results Indicated, 1998 And 1999 Years Was Absolutely Continuous Driest Year Among The Others. The Overall Drought Hazards Map Indicated That, Of The Entire Yabello District, 30.46418% (9498.978km2), 66.48492% (20730.54km2), And 3.050904% (951.2966km2) Were Affected By Low, Moderate, And Extreme Drought, Respectively. Analyzing The Magnitude Of Drought And Creating A Map Of Drought Hazards Will Assist To Increase Preparedness For Disasters In Regions That Are Prone To Drought, Identify Areas That Are Most At Risk For Drought So That Resources May Be Allocated For Risk Management, Mitigate The Effects Of Drought (Assists In Determining The Best Measures To Lessen The Effects Of Drought)