Antibacterial Activity Of The Extracts Of The Leaves And Stem Barks Of Calpurnia Aurea Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Natural Products Have Been A Source Of Medicinal Agents Since Thousands Of Years And Remarkable Number Of Modern Drugs Has Been Derived From Natural Sources. C.Aurea, Known As Cheekata (In Afaan Oromo), Is Traditionally Been Used To Treat Various Diseases Such As, Wound, Diarrhea Fever, Rabies And Cancer. The Main Objective Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Extracts Of The Leaves And Stem Barks Of The Isolate Bioactive Compounds From C.Aurea For Antimicrobial Activity Against Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Salamonella Tphyimurium, Bacillis Subtilis And Shigella Dysenteriae .The Leaves And Stem Barks Of C.Aurea Were Extracted Using N- Hexane, Ethyl Acetate And Methanol For 72h On Maceration At Room Temperature To Give Yields Of 13.96%, 18.24%, And 36.49%, From Leaves And 7.21%, 10.36% And 13.74% From Stem Barks Yields Respectively. Phytochemical Screening Conducted On Leaves And Stem Barks Of C. Aurea Showed The Presence Of Alkaloid, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Terpenoids And Phenols From Leaves And Absence Of Stereoid From Leaves. The Methanol Extracts After Silica Gel Column Chromatography Led To The Isolation Of Three Compounds Namely Compound 1, Compound 2 And Compound 3.The Structures Of These Compounds Were Established Using Spectroscopic Methods 1h Nmr, 13cnmr, Dept135 And Uv-Vis. Antibacterial Activity Was Evaluated Against Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Salamonella Tphyimurium, Bacillis Subtilis And Shigella Dysenteriae At 5 Mg/Ml And 10 Mg/Ml Concentrations Using Agar Disc Diffusion And Micro Dilution Method. The Results Indicate Methanol Extract Of C. Aurea Leaves And Its Three Isolated Compounds Show Strongest Antibacterial Activity, Higher Inhibition Zones Of Antibacterial Activity Of Methanol Crude Extracts Against Escherichia Coli (20??1.15) And Salamonella Tphyimurium(17.66??0.88) Were Observed As Compared To Standared Gentamyicin (24??1.73 And 26??1.15 Mm Respectively). The Mic And Mbc Were Determined For Plant Crude Extracts That Showed Antibacterial Activity On Disc Diffusion; By Using Broth Micro Dilution Method. The Isolated Compounds Also Have Showed Strong Antibacterial Activity. This Was Useful To Manage Infection Diseases Caused By Pathogenic Microorganisms.