Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide (V₂O₅) Nanoparticles for Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract

Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using ammonium metavanadate as a precursor and Laggera tomentosa leaf extract as a natural reducing agent through a sol–gel method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized to investigate their morphology, optical properties, functional groups, and structural features using ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic performance of the V₂O₅ nanocomposite was evaluated under visible light irradiation for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), with optimization of both catalyst dosage and contact time.