Assessing the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Sprawl using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, Case of Mojo Town, Oromia region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Examining the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development and effective urban planning. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the dynamics of urban sprawl in Mojo Town, Ethiopia, utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl in Mojo Town from 2001 to 2024, employing remote sensing and GIS techniques. The methodology involves collecting Landsat image data from 2001, 2012, and 2024, performing image classification, accuracy assessment, land cover analysis, post- classification comparison, spatial metrics, and hotspot analysis. The research findings reveal changes in land use patterns in Mojo Town over time, impacting urban development, agriculture, and forests. The built-up area expanded gradually from 2001 to 2012, while agricultural land witnessed significant growth, and forests experienced a decline. By 2024, the built-up area showed a substantial increase, accompanied by a decrease in agricultural land and further reduction of forests. The growth patterns shifted from infill and edge expansion within existing urbanized areas from 2001 to 2012 to predominantly edge expansion at the town's periphery between 2012 and 2024, indicating the conversion of non- urban areas into built-up regions. These growth patterns have implications for urban sprawl, fragmentation of natural landscapes, and increased demands on infrastructure and resources. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective urban planning and sustainable development. The hot spot analysis indicates a concentration of built-up areas closer to the town center, with a decrease in prevalence as we move away from it, leading to the emergence of cold spots characterized by lower concentrations of built-up areas. This research highlights the complexity of urban sprawl dynamics and emphasizes the importance of implementing sustainable land management practices, compact development, and smart growth principles. Incorporating these strategies into urban planning processes can address the challenges associated with urban sprawl. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of urban sprawl in Mojo Town and provide valuable insights for future urban development and planning endeavors.