Land Use Land Cover Change Detection And Modelling Of Galema Mountain And Its Surrounding,Arsi Zone, Oromia Region From (1991-2021)

Abstract

Land use and land cover change detection refers to the qualitative and quantitative differences in the area extent of a certain type of land use and land cover. Land use and land cover change have been highlighted as a major environmental change driver in Ethiopia. As a result, a regular investigation of land use and land cover change is critical in determining the degree of change and determining the appropriate measures. The problem of the study area is deforestation, Farm land expansion, Forest fire and use for pasture land. The objective of study area is to determine the land use and land cover change detection of the research area from 1991–2021, to identify the major driving forces of land use change on Galema mountain, and its environment to determine the impact of changes in land use and land cover. and to forecast the detection of change over the next 30 years in the study areas. The analysis was done with remote sensing and geographic information systems method in conjunction with field verification, and the study used consecutive satellite photos (1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021). In addition, socioeconomic surveys are being used to identify the causes of land use and land cover change and their resulting detrimental impact on both the biophysical and local communities. The result of this research investigation shown as the Land Use Land Cover Change Study, Forest , Grassland and Shrub land have been steadily declining over the three comparative periods (1991–2001), (2001–2011), and (2011–2021), with (0.3%7), (13.38%),(0.13%) and (2.26%), (1%), (0.71%), and (1.46%), (0.68%), (4.18%), respectively. Cropland and Wet land, on the other hand, increased by (3.17 %), (14.51 %),(2.96%) and (0.92%), (0.55%),(1.53%) respectively, over the three years. This causes natural resource distractions such as decreased availability of vegetation and wildlife, soil degradation, and climate change. It also has a detrimental impact on the surrounding community by reducing livestock numbers, increasing reliance on chemical fertilizer, and causing scarcity of water and wood,. Thus, in order to ease the problem, measures such as population growth management, agro-forestry, forestation and reforestation, developing off-farm job opportunities, and so on must be implemented. Land use and land cover change, satellite images, remote sensing, and geographic information systems are some of the key phrases.