Phytochemical Composition And Evaluation Of The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antibiofilm, And Antiquorum Sensing Activities Of Acanthus Polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) Leaf Extracts.

Abstract

The Evolution Of Microbes In Response To Conventional Antimicrobials Leads To Anti Microbial Resistance (Amr) And Multidrug Resistance (Mdr), Which Are Global Threats To Public Health. Natural Products Are Possible Solutions To This Massive Challenge. In This Study, The Phytochemical Composition And Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Potential Of A. Polystachyus Extracts Were Investigated. Phytochemical Extraction Was Done Using Maceration With Methanol (99.9%). Phytochemical Analysis Was Conducted Using Standard Methods To Test The Presence Of Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Sterols And Terpenoids, And Glycosides. Chemical Profiling Of The Leaf Extracts And Essential Oil Were Performed Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The Anti-Biofilm, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, And Antiquarian Sensing Activities Were Determined By Using Standard Techniques. The Result Of The Phytochemical Components Indicated The Presence Of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Sterolstannins, And Terpenoids But The Absence Of Glycosides In The Extract. Gc-Ms Analysis Of Methanol Extract And Essential Oil Detected 74 And 20 Compounds, Respectively. The Major Compounds Identified In Methanol Extract And Essential Oil Were Beta-Sitosterol Acetate(16.06%) And Stearyl Alcohol (25.38%) Respectively. The Antioxidant Activity Of The Extract And Essential Oil Ranged From 48.3 To 84.2 And 45.6 To 82 % Rsa, Respectively. The Results Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of The Extract Revealed A High Inhibition Zone Against Acinetobacterbaumannii (12.3 ?? 0.33), Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (12.8 ?? 0.33), And Staphylococcus Aureus(18.6 ?? 1.2), Respectively. The Mic, Mbc/Mfc And Mbic Values For Extract Were 0.5-1.0mg/Ml, 2-4 Mg/Ml, And 0.5-1.0 Mg/Ml; And For Eo Were 0.31-0.62 ??L/Ml,1.25-2.5 ??L/Ml,And 0.31-0.62 ??L/Ml, Respectively, Indicating Inhibition Potential As Well As Inhibition Of Biofilm Formation. The Tolerance Test Values Indicated Bactericidal Activity Against Most Strains And Bacteriostatic/Fungistatic Activity Against A. Baumannii, E. Faecalis, And C. Albicans, Respectively. The Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity Of The Extract Achieved By Pyocyanininhibition Assay On P. Aeruginosa Showed 51.6% Inhibition At 500 ??G/Ml. These Resultssuggest That The Extract And Essential Oil Derived From A. Polystachyus Leaves Are Potent,Valuable, Cost-Effective Antioxidants And Antimicrobials. Both Extracts And Their Componentsmay Effectively Combat Pathogenic And Resistant Microbes.