Preparation, Modification, And Characterization Of Nanocellulose For Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Currently, Heavy Metals And Cationic Dyes Seriously Affect The Environment And Threaten Human Health. Due To This Reason, The Removal Of Such Pollutants Is An Important Issue All Over The World. Thus, The Removal Of Pb(Ii), Cd(Ii) And Cr(Vi) Ions And Cationic Methylene Blue (Mb) Dye From Wastewater (Ww) Was Performed Using Pristine Cellulose Nanomaterials (Cnm) And Chemically Modified Cellulose Nanomaterial (C-Cnm) Adsorbents. Cnms Adsorbents Were Prepared By Using Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis Method From The Stems Of Erythrina Brucei And Millettia Ferruginea Plants, And Eichhornia Crssipes Weed. These Adsorbents Were Chemically Modified By Using Oxidation And Esterification Methods. Both Of The As-Prepared And C-Cnm Adsorbents Were Characterized For Functional Groups, Average Crystallite Size, Surface Morphologies, Elemental Analysis, And Thermal Stability By Using Fourier Transform Infrared (Ft-Ir) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (Xrd), Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (Edx), And Thermogravimetric With Difrential Thermal Analysis (Tga-Dta) Techniques, Respectively. The Physicochemical Analyses Of The Ww Samples Were Performed Within 24 Hours After Collection. Next, Cnms And C-Cnms Adsorbents Were Applied For The Removal Of Cr(Vi), Pb(Ii), Cd(Ii) Ions, And Cationic Methylene Blue (Mb) Dye From Ww. The Adsorption Kinetic Data Confirmed To The Pseudo Second-Order (Pso) Kinetic Model, And The Isotherm Data Fit Well With The Freundlich And Langmuir Isotherm Models. The Maximum Adsorption Capacity (Qmax) Of The Cnms Adsorbentfor Cr(Vi), Pb(Ii), And Cd(Ii), Ions In Ww Evaluated By Batch Adsorption Experiments Were 60.24, 91.74, And 75.76 Mgg-1, Respectively. Also Maximum Adsorption Capacity (Qmax) Of Thesuccinic Anhydride Cellulose Nanomaterial (S-Cnm), Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanomaterial (Dacnm), Maleic Anhydride Cellulose Nanomaterial (Ma-Cnm), And Dacnm Adsorbents For Cr(Vi), Pb(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Mb In Ww Were 156.25, 384.62, 215.52, And 90.91 Mgg-1respectively. Furthermore, The Results Have Showed That The Adsorption Capacities Were Affected By The Presence Of Competing Cations In The Ww. The Thermodynamic Studies Revealed That The Adsorption Process Was Spontaneous And Feasible. Due To Their High Efficiencies, S-Cnm, Ma-Cnm, And Dacnm Adsorbents Were Selected For The Regeneration Study And Performed Through Desorption Of Cr(Vi), Cd(Ii), Pb(Ii), And Mb Dye Cations,Respectively, By Treating It With 0.1 M Hcl. The Results Have Showed That All Adsorbents Were Easily Regenerated And Re-Used For The Adsorption Of Cr(Vi), Pb(Ii), Cd(Ii), And Mb Cations From Ww Up To Successive 13th Cycles With Only Less Than 6% Efficiency Loss In Each Successivecycles.