Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Coriandrum sativum (Dimbilal) and its Application for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extract is a novel method to develop environmentally benign nanomaterials which can be used in numerous biomedical applications. This work addressed a low-cost, non-toxic green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using different amounts of leaf extract and precursor. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO NPs using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract through a green synthesis approach and apply for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Thermal Gravimetric- Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The average crystal size of the synthesized NPs was calculated using the Debye Scherer equation. The average crystal size of ZnO NP was found to be 13.85nm (3:2 ratio), 15.850nm (1:1), 17.91nm (2:3) uncalcinated, and 19.29nm (1:1) calcinated ZnO NPs for green synthesis method. The XRD pattern with sharp peaks describes the crystalline and purity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of zinc oxide (Zn-O) nanoparticles absorbs at 660 cm-1 and 818 cm-1 for both calcined and uncalcinated respectively. FTIR spectrum showed the interaction between the functional groups of the phytochemical in the Coriandrum sativum leaves extract and the ZnO NPs. Antibacterial activity of 3:2 ZnO NPs ratio in 100 µg/mL concentration ranges showed a greater zone of inhibition 12 mm against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial pathogens compared to other ratios and also 3:2 ZnO NPs showed greater antifungal activity in both Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger strains in all concentration. The antioxidant activity of the 1:1 ratio of ZnO NPs showed better activity in high concentrations of 800 µg/mL and it was good efficacy compared with other ratios as the standard ascorbic acid.