Distribution Of ABO And Rh (D) Blood Groups Among Students Attending Secondary And Preparatory Schools In 2017 Bote Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

The major concern of this study was to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood group alleles, genotypes and phenotypes among students attending at secondary and Preparatory schools in 2017 in Bote town Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The Study of blood grouping is not only generating a simple database but also create a great social awareness about self-blood grouping, safe blood transfusion and have educational value among the population of a country. A total of 392 sample students gave bloods voluntarily for ABO and Rh blood grouping. Finger prick blood samples from both genders were tested for ABO and Rh blood groups determination by the open slide test method. A drop of each of the antisera, anti-A, anti-B and anti-D were placed and mixed with each blood sample with the help of sterilized applicator sticks and rocked gently to observe agglutination. The results revealed that phenotype O was the most frequent while blood group AB was the least frequent in the whole sample .The O, A, B and AB blood groups percentage, were as follows: 41% , 32%, 21% and 6%, respectively. Rhesus factor records: 93% for Rh+ and 7% for Rh-. The study reports the pattern of blood groups among Secondary and Preparatory Students in Bote town and would help the blood bank to prepare database and increase awareness which type of blood group should be stored more. So, the study has a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank and transfusion services for those who need blood transfusion. The allele frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg equation and found to be: 0.65, 0.14 and 0.21 for IO, IB and IA, respectively. The Rh allelic frequencies were 0.73 for D and 0.27 for d, respectively. In case of both ABO/Rh blood groups frequencies in the studied population blood group O+ was found to be the most common (38%), followed by groups A+ (30%), B+ (20%) and AB+ (5%), whereas among the Rh negative subjects, blood group O- was the most frequent (3%), followed by groups A− (2%), B− (0.1%) and AB− (1%). The distribution of the overall observed frequencies of ABO blood group phenotypes do not differ significantly from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Goodness of fit X2= , 0.4729, df=3, P>95%)