Road Network Analysis For Fire Emergency Response Using Geographical Information System (Gis): A Case Of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Fire disasters are a global issue, causing numerous fatalities annually, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Addis Ababa city is frequently facing fire problems, which result in the loss of lives and valuable properties in the city. The study aims to analyze the road network for fire emergency response using a geographical information system (GIS) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study combines geospatial and quantitative data types using a geospatial technique. The Network Analyst tool provided by the ArcGIS software was used for selecting the optimal route and closest health facilities, and the Access Mod tool was used to assess the spatial accessibility of fire stations. The findings of the present research indicate that the route from the fire station to the fire incident location, covering 4.538 km, takes 13.9 minutes while considering traffic information and 5.49 minutes when traffic information is ignored. The Kebena Health Center is the closest facility, taking 32.62 minutes. Fire stations are concentrated in central and northwestern areas, serving 45.18% of the city in an 8-minute response time. However, coverage varies across different sub- cities. Sub-cities like Arada, Kirkos, and Addis Ketema have excellent coverage, with over 98% of their populations having access to a fire station within the specified time frame. Yeka, Lemi Kura, and Bole face challenges in coverage, with Lemi Kura having no coverage within the 8-minute travel time. Sub-cities like Akaki Kality, Gulele, Kolfe Keranyo, and NifasSilk Lafto have moderate to good coverage, indicating room for improvement. Enhancing spatial accessibility can lead to more efficient emergency responses, minimize property loss, and reduce injuries and deaths. The current study confirms that GIS is more efficient for road network analysis in fire emergency response, highlighting the growing importance of geospatial technologies in solving global problems and fulfilling human needs, resulting in a safer environment. Lastly, the study recommends that the Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission should use GIS for emergence response, assessing accessibility, and improving programs. And future researchers should consider real-time traffic data, junctions, and U-turns in identifying the optimal path for aiding fire emergency services.