Assessing The Impact Of Urban Expansion On Land Surface Temperature Using Geospatial Tools: The Case Study In Bishoftu City, Ethiopia

Abstract

The Expansion Of Urban Areas Represents One Of The Most Prominent And Irreversible Transformations In Land Cover And Land Use In Recent Human History. This Study Aims To Assess The Impact Of Urban Expansion On Lst In Bishoftu City, Ethiopia. Multi-Temporal Landsat Data From 1990 To 2024 Were Utilized To Analyze The City??S Lulc Patterns And Lst. The Maximum Likelihood Algorithm Of Supervised Classification Was Employed To Generate Lulc Maps, And Lst Was Derived Using Emissivity Values And Satellite Data As Input Parameters. The Relationship Between Lst And Spectral Indices, Including The Ndvi And Ndbi, Was Examined Through Regression Analysis. The Findings Revealed Significant Urban Expansion, Marked By An Increase In Built-Up Areas And A Decline In Agricultural And Barren Lands. Specifically, Agricultural Land Decreased From 484.17 Km?? In 1990 To 438.61 Km?? In 2024 Due To Urban Encroachment. The Built-Up Area Increased Substantially From 15.59 Km?? In 1990 To 69.90 Km?? In 2024. Additionally, The Mean Lst In The Urban Area Rose From 25.08??C In 1990 To 40.41??C In 2024, Highlighting A Significant Warming Trend. The Mean Lst In The Built-Up Area Rose By Approximately 13.76??C Between 1990 And 2024. The Study Also Revealed An Inverse Correlation Between Lst And Ndvi, While A Positive Correlation Was Observed Between Lst And Ndbi. These Findings Underscore The Need For Urban Planning Strategies That Incorporate Green Spaces And Vegetation Development To Mitigate The Urban Heat Island Effect. Consequently, Stakeholders In Bishoftu City, Central Ethiopia, Should Prioritize The Planting Of Trees And The Establishment Of Green Areas To Help Counterbalance The Rising Temperatures Induced By Urbanization.