Design and Development of Intellegent Braking with brake Failure Indicator System for Bus

Abstract

Buses Are The Most Widely And Frequently Used Mode Of Transportation In Ethiopia Since They Are Inexpensive And Serve A Greater Number Of Passengers In A Single Trip For Long Distance Journey And Cross-Country Travel. Also, It Has Been Observed That Buses Are Causing A Wide Range Of Accidents Compared With Their Total Number. They Cover 0.73% Of The Total Number Of Vehicles In Ethiopia But They Are Responsible For 8.03% Of Death, 3.6% Of Serious Injury,4.9% Of A Slight Injury, And 6.9% Of Property Damage Caused By Public Means Of Transportation. Even Though There Are Many Different Reasons, Brake Failure, And Brake System Efficiency Are Some Of The Problems Behind Such Collision. The Purpose Of This Thesis Is To Improve The Conventional Brake System Of A Bus By Improving The Braking System To An Intelligent Braking System And By Adding An Extra Brake Failure Indicator System For Increasing The Braking Efficiency And Minimizing Accidents. The Methods Employed For This Work Are Modeling Parts Using Arduino Programming Software And Preparing A Prototype. The Model Was Developed With Ultrasonic Sensors And Controllers Such As Arduino Uno Microcontroller, Ultrasonic Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Etc. To Apply The Brakes Before A Collision Can Occur. Furthermore, The Prototype Of The Intelligent Braking System Was Constructed For Demonstration And Checked Its Functionality. The Overall Design Was Based On The ArduinoUno Microcontroller. Also, The Ultrasonic Sensor Is Used For Detecting An Object, And A Pressure Sensor Is Detecting The Usable Pressure Amount For The Air Brake System During Applying A Brake Force For Stopping The Bus. Also, The Microcontroller Acts As The Bridge Between The Sensor And Relay By Receiving An Electrical Signal From The Pressure Sensors And Sending The Signal To The Relay To The Activated S ?�? Cam. It Was Observed That The New Intelligent Braking System Reduced To 49.4m At Maximum Speed (105km/H) Compared To The Existing One(62.1 M). Using An Electrical Signal Sent From A Pressure Sensor Primarily Warns The Driver On The Dashboard To Take An Action And Finally Send A Signal To The Relay To Actuate S-Cam For Stopping A Bus If The Driver Didn?�?T Take An Action. As A Result, This Thesis Contributes To Efforts Of Increasing Road Safety And Minimizing Collision By Reducing The Stopping Distance Of The Bus.