Analysis Of Urban Green Spaces And Their Distribution By Integrating Sentinel 2 And Machine Learning Algorithm In Adama City, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Urban Green Spaces (Ugs) Are Essential To Sustainable Urbanization With Ecological, Recreational, And Aesthetic Functions. The Present Research Integrates Sentinel-2 Satellite Image Data With Machine Learning Algorithms To Map And Examine The Spatial Distribution Of Ugs In Adama City. The Research Utilized High-Resolution 13-Band Multispectral Sentinel-2 Imagery From The Copernicus Open Access Hub. Data Encompass Ndvi, Gci, Ndwi And Savi Vegetation Indices Used In Quantification Of Vegetation Cover And Health. Points Of Validation Were Derived From Google Earth High Resolution Image To Validate Accuracy Of Classification. Cloud Masking, Sentinel2 Image Spatial Resampling And Atmospheric Correction Forms Data Preprocessing. Random Forest Algorithm Was Used To Classify Machine Learning Where The Ugs Has Been Distinguished From The Remaining Land Cover Classes. According To Research, Urban Green Space (Ugs) In Adama City's Central Zone Totals 2,840.94 Hectares Or 36.52% Of The Total Area, Built-Up Area Taking Up 3,790.65 Hectares (48.72%), And Urban Agriculture Taking Up 1,148.41 Hectares (14.76%). A Zonal Distribution Indicated That Ugs Is Rather Uniformly Distributed In The City's Four Structural Zones, The Highest Percentage Recorded In Zone 3 With 773.77 Hectares (27.63%), Followed By Zone 4 (26.27%), Zone 1 (26.22%), And The Lowest In Zone 2 With 556.70 Hectares (19.88%). Strong Integration Of Ugs???Lst Relationship, Confirming The Cooling Effect Of Green Spaces; Areas Of Dense Vegetation Cover (0.3???0.56 Ndvi) Were Low In Surface Temperature (30.4??C???30.8??C), Yet Areas Of Sparse Vegetation Cover (Ndvi < 0.1) Were High In Lst (>31.5??C), Demonstrating The Effect Of Vegetation In Alleviating Urban Heat. The Study Reconfirmed Ugs Is Highly Homogeneously Distributed Over Adama City's Four Structural Zones, With The Highest Rate Occurring In Zone 3. The Inverse Relationship Between Ugs And Land Surface Temperature (Lst) Shows Vegetated Surfaces Reduce Temperatures. Because Ugs Is A Major Factor In Managing Urban Temperatures, More Development And Upkeep Of Vegetation Are Recommended, Particularly In Zone 2 Where Comparatively Lesser Cover Of Ugs Is Found.