Phytochemical analysis anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activity evaluation of hobet leaf (persicaria senegalensis) extracts

Abstract

Hobet leaf (P. senegalensis) is a perennial herbal species in the Polygonaceae family that has a growth habit that supports it. In this study, the main aim was to investigate the chemical components of P. senegalensis leaf and evaluate their antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains.The solid-liquid extraction technique was utilized as a general method for extraction. Phytochemical screening analysis was conducted following standard procedures.EOs was extracted from the plant by hydro-distillation and analysed by GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities was condacted using paper disc-diffusion assay. The antioxidant activities was evaluated using (DPPH) radical scavenging assay in vitro. The results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, Saponins, tannins, steroids, phenols, and terpenoids in the extracts but alkaloids, tannins, and phenols were absent in the n- hexane extract. Citral (44.9%), hexacosane (9.96%), stearyl alcohol (9.23%), diisobutyl phthalate (8.12%), and β-Caryophyllene (2.6%) were major constituents of the EOs. Among the extracts the MeOH: Chloroform(1:1) extract showed maximum zone (17.3 ±0.25 mm) of inhibition against E.coli ATTC 25922T at a concentration of 200 mg/ml and The minimum zone of inhibition (8.4 ± 0.38 mm) was recorded for test Hexane extract against E.coli ATTC 25922T at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. The essential oil showed a maximum inhibiting effect (19.8±0.29 mm) against S. pyogenes ATCC 12204T at a concentration of 50 mg/ml while the minimum zone of inhibition (11.8± 0.25 mm) was recorded against E. coli ATTC 25922T at a concentration of 6.25 mg/ml. also showed a maximum inhibiting effect (19.8±0.25mm) and a minimum of (13.3±0.25mm) against C. albicans ATCC 10231T.The extracts and essential oil exhibited more effective antibacterial activities against these selected bacterial strains and the zone of inhibition ranged from (8.4 to 19.8±0.29) mm. The essential oil exhibits the highest antioxidant activity, with %RSA values reaching 97.77% at 1mg/mL, followed by the methanol extract with %RSA values reaching 90.55%, while the chloroform and hexane extracts show lower activities with %RSA values of 74.65% and 79.07%, respectively. The MeOH: Chloroform extract also demonstrates significant antioxidant potential, with %RSA values peaking at 94.44%. Thus, the findings of this study show that leave of P.senegaensis posses medicinale properties. Additional research efforts are also recommended to be conducted on other parts of the plant such as on the root, seed, and stem.