Mathematical Investigations Of Heat And Mass Transfer Of Nanofluids Flow Over Stretchable Surfaces With Radiation And Entropy Generation

Abstract

Currently, various industries are utilizing heat and mass transfer techniques involving the flow of fluids and nanofluids. Due to the high thermal conductivity of nanoparti-cles, nanofluids play a crucial role in heat and mass transfer processes. Electrically conducting nanofluids flowing over a stretchable, permeable surface demonstrate superior performance in heat and mass transfer. The Darcy and Darcy-Forchheimer laws were applied to understand the impact of porous media. The characteristics of anofluids were examined using the Buongiorno and Tiwari-Das flow models. Heat from the Sun is transferred by radiation, which does not require a transmission medium. Solar radiation can be described using Rosseland’s approximation and Beer’s law. Hence, this dissertation focuses on exploring the role of unsteady, viscous nanofluid flow over an expandable surface in relation to heat and mass transfer through radiation and entropy generation. Using conservation laws, the governing non-linear partial differential equations were derived, and simplified based on boundary layer approximations. These equations were then transformed into systems of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Convective heat transfer, velocity slip, and mass suction were incorporated as boundary conditions, and solved using the Homotopy Analysis Method on Mathematica and numerically on MATLAB. Comparisons with previously published articles confirm the applicability of these methods. The influence of parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy, Bejan number, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were presented graphically and in tables. The magnetic field and porosity parameters slowed the flow while improving temperature, concentration, and drag force formation. Solar radiation, heat sources, thermophoresis, Eckert, and Biot numbers increased the nanofluid’s temperature. The Grashof number increased the flow and concentration of the nanofluid. The nanofluid’s velocity, as well as the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, rose when the surface changed from horizontal to vertical. Increasing the unsteadiness and absorption parameters lowered the nanofluid’s temperature. Low entropy generation occurred with increased velocity slip and mass suction parameters, while high drag forces slowed the flow. More entropy was generated with higher temperature distributions.