The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of The Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection Among Children Under 15 Years in Adama City, Ethiopia

Abstract

After respiratory tract infections, UTIs are the second most common bacterial infection in children with the highest morbidity rate partly due to the pathogens are frequently acquire antimicrobial resistance to different antibiotic drugs globally. The objective of this study was to analyze the microbial profile of UTI bacteria and their antibiotic resistance pattern from outpatients under the age of 15 attending Adama Hospital Medical Collage and Geda Health Center in Adama City, Ethiopia. A total of urine samples were collected from 214 children. The specimens were processed at the Research and Referral Laboratory to isolate bacteria using MacConkey and blood agar. The isolates were characterized based on different cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristic using standard methods. An antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Of the total 214 children 25 children were UTI positive with the prevalence of 11.7%. The prevalence of females is greater than males. The isolates were identified into gram positive (5 isolates) into S. aures, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. The others were gram negative bacteria; E. coli, P. vulgaris, E. cloace and K. oxtyca. E. coli was a common bacteria accounting for 10/25(40%) of all gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. Among gram positive bacteriuria Corynebacterium spp. were the dominant one accounting for 4/25(14%). The MALDI TOF MS analysis identified K. pneumoniae and E. coli with high confidence. With regard to antibiotic resistance pattern, Gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to sulfa/trim and tetracycline. Gram-negative bacteria were highly sensitive to meropenem and cefazolin and highly resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam and ceftazidime. Gram-negative bacteria were resistance to more than two antimicrobial agents. Generally, in this study, the prevalence of UTI under 15 was 11.7%. The most common causative agent of UTI was E. coli.