Adaptive PID Control of Interconnected Two-Area Photovoltaic Power Systems

Abstract

There are a number of difficulties in integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into contemporary power grids, especially in two-area power systems. Power sharing, frequency stability, and voltage regulation are problems in these systems, as each region is in charge of keeping its own power balance while also cooperating with nearby regions. This research highlights an important aspect of power systems, specifically the regulation of the frequency and voltage in a grid-on photovoltaic (PV) power system. In order to maintain stable operation and ensure optimal power generation, a Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), step-up transformer, Alternative Current (AC) filter, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), DC to DC boost, inverters, DC link and voltage source converter (VSC) controller are employed in this study. Furthermore, the PI and PID controller is designed based on maximum power point tracking through incremental conductance algorithm and Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) respectively to enhance its performance under uncertain system parameters. The optimal MRAC- PID and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in DC-to-DC boost converter and PV panel to get stable voltage settled at 0.03 and 0.2 second respectively. Additionally, MRAC-PID used to stabilize frequency of the two-area grid-connected PV power system. The simulation results demonstrate that the controller effectively regulates the frequency of the system from 49-51 Hz, ensuring stable operation and maximizing power generation by using MATLAB software. This research contributes to the advancement of control strategies for PV power systems, enabling the efficient and reliable integration of renewable energy sources into the grid and the balancing of power between the two areas, i.e., tie line power. Finally, the results with and without optimal adaptive controller is discussed.