Speed control of BLDC Motor by using PWM current controller technique for electric vehicle propulsion

Abstract

Due to their high efficiency and zero greenhouse gas emissions the electric vehicles are the best solution for green transportation. Several types of electric motors have been used as the propulsion system of electric vehicles. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is selected because of its advantages compared with other electric motors. The only drawback of BLDC motor is its larger torque ripple. Electric vehicle propulsion needs good speed dynamic performance, low current ripple and low torque ripple which needs an accurate model of BLDC motor drive. In this research study PWM current controller is used to control the speed of BLDC motor for electric vehicle propulsion. The BLDC motor specification is analyzed by using MATLAB (version.15)/code. Then mathematical modeling of the proposed system is performed. Proportional integral controller (PI), Zeigler Nicolas based proportional integral differential (PID-ZN) controller and genetic algorithm based proportional integral differential speed (PID-GA) controller are compared based on their dynamic speed control performance. PID-GA controller gives settling time of 0.01 second per 3600 RPM of rotor speed with zero percent overshoot. But, PID speed controller results the settling time of 0.05 seconds with 2.777% overshoot at the same conditions. As the result of comparison PID-GA controller is found to be focused because of its better control response. Then the proposed system is simulated by using MATLAB software (version.15). The result shows that BLDC motor has efficiently controllable speed torque characteristic, reduced torque ripple, fast dynamic performance (low rise time, low peak time, low settling time and low percent overshoot). The proposed inverter drive technique is compared with another inverter control techniques like hysteresis current control modulation technique and six step inverter feed variable voltage source based BLDC motor drive for the same motor specifications and speed regulator parameters. The result shows PWM current controller gives better control mechanism by having the torque ripple less than 8%. But, the torque ripple becomes 18.18% in the case when hysteresis current controller is used with PID-GA speed controller. In general PWM current controller and PID-GA speed regulator based BLDC motor control is recommended for electric vehicle propulsion.Due to their high efficiency and zero greenhouse gas emissions the electric vehicles are the best solution for green transportation. Several types of electric motors have been used as the propulsion system of electric vehicles. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is selected because of its advantages compared with other electric motors. The only drawback of BLDC motor is its larger torque ripple. Electric vehicle propulsion needs good speed dynamic performance, low current ripple and low torque ripple which needs an accurate model of BLDC motor drive. In this research study PWM current controller is used to control the speed of BLDC motor for electric vehicle propulsion. The BLDC motor specification is analyzed by using MATLAB (version.15)/code. Then mathematical modeling of the proposed system is performed. Proportional integral controller (PI), Zeigler Nicolas based proportional integral differential (PID-ZN) controller and genetic algorithm based proportional integral differential speed (PID-GA) controller are compared based on their dynamic speed control performance. PID-GA controller gives settling time of 0.01 second per 3600 RPM of rotor speed with zero percent overshoot. But, PID speed controller results the settling time of 0.05 seconds with 2.777% overshoot at the same conditions. As the result of comparison PID-GA controller is found to be focused because of its better control response. Then the proposed system is simulated by using MATLAB software (version.15). The result shows that BLDC motor has efficiently controllable speed torque characteristic, reduced torque ripple, fast dynamic performance (low rise time, low peak time, low settling time and low percent overshoot). The proposed inverter drive technique is compared with another inverter control techniques like hysteresis current control modulation technique and six step inverter feed variable voltage source based BLDC motor drive for the same motor specifications and speed regulator parameters. The result shows PWM current controller gives better control mechanism by having the torque ripple less than 8%. But, the torque ripple becomes 18.18% in the case when hysteresis current controller is used with PID-GA speed controller. In general PWM current controller and PID-GA speed regulator based BLDC motor control is recommended for electric vehicle propulsion.