The Effect Of Urban Expansion On The Livelihood Of Peri-Urban Farmers In Ethiopia: Thecase Of Boku Shenen Subcity, Adama Town

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and the expansion of cities have significant consequences for agricultural practices and the livelihoods of farmers residing in peri-urban areas. The study aims to investigate the impact of urbanization on the livelihoods of farmers on the outskirts of Adama, Boku Shenen sub-city. The specific objectives include to examining changes in land use patterns due to urban expansion, examining the impact on market opportunities for peri-urban farmers, identifying challenges faced by peri-urban farmers in adapting to urbanization, and exploring potential solutions to help them maintain their livelihoods. To achieve these objectives, the study would employ a mixed-methods research approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research approach. Data are acquired by using a questionnaire, interview, remote sensing technique and focus group discussions. The research design was used a combination of descriptive and exploratory research design; a purposive sampling technique was use. The data analysis methods would use descriptive analysis techniques and exploratory analysis techniques using mean scores and relative important index method. The results indicated that, peri-urban farmers in Adama's Boku Shenen sub-city face significant challenges in adjusting to urbanization and maintaining their livelihoods. These challenges include the lack of good governance and corruption (RII: 0.847), improper utilization of compensation (RII: 0.846), unfair and inadequate monetary compensation (RII: 0.838), increased competition for resources (RII: 0.829), and limited access to sufficient land for agriculture (RII: 0.828). These factors have collectively impacted the productivity and market opportunities of peri-urban farmers, posing a threat to their livelihoods. Addressing these issues will be crucial in ensuring the sustainability of peri-urban farming in the face of ongoing urbanization. Efforts should be made to improve governance, provide fair and adequate compensation, and support farmers in accessing resources and land for agriculture. The urban expansion in Adama's Boku Shenen sub-city has had significant negative impacts on peri-urban farmers' market opportunities and their ability to sell their produce. The government should provide adequate compensation and training to help mitigate these challenges. Additionally, the reduction of livestock, loss of social bonds and networks, and physical assets of the land have all contributed to the difficulties faced by peri- urban farmers in accessing markets. As a result, urban expansion has led to a decrease in available market opportunities for these farmers. Efforts need to be made to address these issues and support the livelihoods of peri-urban farmers in the face of ongoing urbanization. By recognizing the socio-economic and environmental impacts of urban expansion on peri-urban agriculture, policymakers, planners, and stakeholders can work towards sustainable development pathways that prioritize the needs and well-being of peri-urban farmers. The study recommends that urban planners should promoting and support the adoption of diversified farming systems, including agroforestry, intercropping, and livestock integration, to enhance resilience and income opportunities for peri-urban farmers in Adama.