Isolation and characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Ziziphus Spina-Christi (Christ's Thorn Jujube) and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activities against common human pathogens

Abstract

Endophytes include all microorganisms that enter the internal tissues of living plants without immediately manifesting illness signs or having an adverse impact on their host. Through competition for their hosts' habitats and food supplies, endophytic bacteria help to defend their hosts from harmful other pathogens. Several endophytic microbes were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina and spina-Christi, which are shrubs that can grow well in drought-prone areas and is easily drought tolerant and there are microbes with which help these plants to resist drought. The recent study aimed at isolation and identification of endophytic bacterial species from Ziziphus spina Christi. The part of Ziziphus spina-Christi samples was collected and transported into ASTU. Surface sterilization was performed. Various biochemical tests, and morphological characterizations were carried out against isolates Endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from Ziziphus spina-Christi. Phosphate and zinc solubilization were also conducted against Endophytic bacteria isolates. Further identifications of these Endophytic bacteria isolates were carried out using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry tools, a protein profiles-based technique. Growth conditions such as optimum pH values, temperature, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and salt concentration were evaluated against these Endophytic bacteria isolates Evaluation of agro-wastes as a main carbon source against these Endophytic bacteria isolates and Antimicrobial activities that extracted from bacteria by ethyl acetate were also conducted. In this study, a total of 8 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from various parts of Ziziphus spina-Christi. Their colony colors were also different. Some of these are motile and others are non-motile. Some isolates were found to be fermentative. Based on protein profiles, the recent Endophytic bacteria isolate was identified as Cronobacter Sakazaki, Rhodotorula sp., Bordetella sp., Rhodotorula sp., Enterobacter sp., Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia, and Enterobacter sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Studies showed that the recent isolate was found to be soluble in certain phosphates. However, no single isolate can display zinc solubilization. These isolates gave various cell dry weight (g/L) and optimum density OD600nm based on various growth conditions. In conclusion, various Endophytic bacteria isolate obtained from different parts of Ziziphus spina-Christi were found to produce cell dry weight (CDW (g/L)) and optimum density (OD600nm), and other enzymes with a potential to promote plant growth due to mineral solubilization.