Anti Leech effect of Niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica) hull crude extract and it’s Kinetics inselected stream water body ecosystems of Ethiopia.

Abstract

Leech remains to be one of the health problems to livestock in Ethiopia. The objectives of thisstudy were to carry out phytochemical screening and determine bioactivity of the crude extract ofcrop Niger hull which are traditionally used in the treatment and control of leeches.Phytochemical were screened in different solvent extracts using standard methods.Phytochemical detected in the extracts were, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. Paralyzing orkilling time was determined by severity effects from 4+- 1+ with timing zones from1-720 minutesincluding negative paralysis. The crude extract of Niger seed hull showed anti leech activitiesfrom 1+- 4+ severities. Niger hull crude extracts might provide a natural source of anti-leechactivities, although the anti-leech actions of methanolic, hexane and chloroform extracts areequal or week to that of levaminsole. All dose levels of standard reference drug Lavamisolecaused a significant kill of leeches. There was a significant difference in mortality of a leech bythe methanoloic, hxane and chloroform extracts of Niger hull. The crude extract wascharacterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental results showed that inDSC curve, onset of melting temperature at (Tonset = 45.4 oC and 207 oC) was recorded andendothermic peak at 99oC is recognized to water lose from the crude extract. Step at 215oC peaktemperature is associated with second order phase transition such as Glass Transition and itshould be confirmed melting of pure compounds. Endothermic peak found at 180oC is broad,indicates the complex nature of the extract. From the curve at 300oC and higher than thistemperature comprise thermal decomposition for the sample.