Bioassay Guided Phytochemical Studies On Resins Of Some Commiphora Species

Abstract

Resins Of Commiphora Species Are Known For Their Medicinal Properties Either Alone Or In Combination With Other Medicinal Plants To Treat Various Ailments In Ethiopia. The Bioassay Guided Antiproliferative Screening Showed That Chloroform Fraction Of The Resin Of C. Habessinica,N-Hexane And Chloroform Fraction Of C. Africana Exhibited Potency Against A549, A2780, Mia Paca-2, And Snu-638 Cancer Cells, Which Prompted Their Chemical Investigation. Predominantly, The Cytotoxicity Of Chloroform Fraction Against All Cancer Cell Lines Was The Highest And Attributed To Further Investigation Such As Isolation, Characterization And Screening Of Compounds.In This Study, Two Groups Of Compounds Were Isolated And Characterized By Ir, Ms, 1d And 2d Nmr. Cholestane Type Phytosterols: Cholesterol (48) And Lathosterol (112) And A Mixture From C. Habessinica And Two Novel Tricyclic Triterpenes (3s,4s,14s,7e,17e,21z)-3,30 Dihydroxypodioda-7,17,21-Trien-4-Carboxylic Acid (113), (3s,4s,14s,7e,17e,21z)-3-Hydroxypodioda-7,17,21-Trien-4-Carboxylic Acid (114) Along With A Known Compound ???-Amyrin (56) A Pentacyclic Triterpene From Resin Of C. Africana. In The Cytotoxicity Assay, The A549 (Nsclc) Cell Line Was The Most Sensitive To The Commiphora Species. The Anti-Proliferative Effect Of Commafric A Against A549 (Nsclc) Cells With Ic50 Values Of 4.52 ??G/Ml Was The Highest Among The Isolated Compounds And A Mixture Of Cholesterol (48) And Lathosterol (112) Showed More Cytotoxicity With Ic50 13.77 ??G/Ml Due To Synergism. Compared To The Other Resin Essential Oils, C. Sphaerocarpa Resin Eo Demonstrated Significant Dose Response Inhibition Lps-Mediated No Production By 26.76% At 10 ??G/Ml And 62.26% At 20 ??G/Ml In Raw264.7 Cells. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect Attributed To The Presence Of Oxygenated And Hydrocarbon Sesquiterpenes (94.19%), Mainly ???-Caryophyllene (83) (28.025%) And ???-Caryophyllene Oxide (99) (13.891%) Where Both Possess Significant Anticancer Activities. Eo Of C. Sphaerocarpa Resin Inhibited Lps-Mediated Inos Overexpression, Phosphorylation Of Erk1/2, P38, Atf2, Nrf2 Nuclear Accumulation And Ho-1 Expression, Ros Regulation.Xixthe N-Buoh Fraction Of C. Schimperi Showed The Most Desirable Antiviral Profile For Flu A Virus With High S.I. Values ( > 5.2 For Pr8 And > 13.2 For Hk), To Ribavirin (Rbv) ( > 4.3 For Pr8 And > 4.5 For Hk) The Positive Control. Towards Denv-2 Serotype The N-Buoh Fraction Of C. Habessinica Was The Highest With 100% And 44% Inhibition At 100 And 20 ???G/Ml. The Presence Of Various Bioactive Compounds And Fractions Provide More Opportunities For The Discovery Of New Bioactive Principles From The Genus.