Removal Of Fluoride From Drinking Water Using Thermally Activated Mixture Of Bone And Banana Peel

Abstract

The Present Investigation Was Dealt With Fluoride Removal From Drinking Ground Water By Thermally Activated Biosorbents Prepared From Bone And Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Peel.Double Beam Uv-Spectrometry Was Used For The Determination And Monitoring Of Fluorideion Concentration. Batch Experiments Were Conducted To Establish The Optimal Conditions Like Ph, Dose Of The Adsorbent, And Contact Time. To Conduct The Experiment, The Bones And Banana Peel Mixtures With 2:1 (100-To-50 G) Bone-To-Banana Peel Ratio Was Charred At Six Different Temperatures (300oc, 400 ??C, 500 Oc, 600 Oc, 700 Oc And 800 Oc) For 1.5 H And100 G Of Each Adsorbent Were Also Separately Charred At 500oc For The Same Pyrolysis Time In A Muffle Furnace. The Product Obtained Was Then Ground In A Grinding Machine, And Sieved Through A Mesh Size Of 250 ??M. The Proximate Analysis, Point Of Zero Charge And Specific Surface Area Of The Prepared Adsorbent Was Also Determined. The Adsorption Efficiency Of Adsorbent Which Pyrolyzed In A Mixture Of 2:1 Bone-Banana Peel At Apyrolysis Temperature Of 500 Oc (89.2 % Efficiency) Was Better Than That Of 1:1 Ratio (78.4% Efficiency) Of Bone-Banana Peel Char, Respectively. The Less Fluoride Uptake Below 400oc Was Due To Incomplete Conversion Of Organic Carbons To Inorganic Carbons Where As,Beyond 600 Oc Was Due To The Distortion (Damage) Of Hydroxyapatite Structure Of The Bone.The Adsorption Efficiency Of Bone-Banana Peel Char For Fluoride Removal Was Increased With Adsorbent Dosage And Contact Time Before Equilibrium And It Was Appreciable Around Neutral Ph. Freundlich Isotherm Model Equation Was Found To Fit The Equilibrium Data For Fluoride Adsorption And The Linear Regression Analysis Of Kinetic Data Confirmed That Pseudo-Second Order Rate Expression Was Best Fitted.