Synthesis and Characterization of 58S Bioactive Glass Via CTAB Modified Sol Gel Method for In-vitro Biological Activities

Abstract

The clinical methods for repairing bone defects caused by various reasons have significant drawbacks and limitations. Significant advances in the treatment of bone diseases were made possible by the discovery and development of bioactive glasses (BGs). They are uniquely able to stick to living tissues, including bone due to the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer on its surface. These bioactive glasses (BGs) can be made using different types of catalysts and structure directing agents in order to synthesis bioactive glass with enhanced biological activities. The majority of utilized catalysts generate toxicity, rise or reduce the pH value and work at high concentrations. And many surfactants have limited surface areas, a poor capacity to create well defined mesoporous structure and a potential for toxicity, all of which may reduce the bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability of the bioactive glass. Therefore, to address the issues, this study focuses on the evaluation of a bioactive glass synthesized by sol-gel process employing low concentration cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure directing agent and citric acid as a catalyst in which citric acid and CTAB work in concert to obtain the optimal CTAB concentration with a better characteristics of bioactive glass properties. Through adjusting CTAB concentration, stoichiometric samples of bioactive glass BG without CTAB (BG0), BG with 0.1 M of CTAB (BG1), BG with 0.3 M of CTAB (BG3) and BG with 0.5 M of CTAB (BG5) were synthesized. The samples were characterized using TGA, XRD, SEM, BET, TEM, SAED, EDS, and FTIR. Sample particles were soaked in simulated bodily fluid for in vitro bioactivity test and the creation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layers on the soaked particles was analyzed using XRD, SEM and FTIR. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay was used to test the in vitro biocompatibility and an in vitro biodegradability test was performed to measure the weight loss of the samples over time after soaking in simulated body fluid. According to the results, BG with 0.3M of CTAB (BG3) exhibited larger specific surface area with spherical shaped particles and pore volume with mesoporous structure as well as cell viability above 70% resulting in a better in vitro bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability.