Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel-Bio Diesel (CSOME) blend fuel With Nano Additive in CI Engine

Abstract

Diesel is a main source of fuel among petroleum products but ecological degradation and exhaust of petroleum reserves are matters of great concern around the world. Finding a suitable fuel alternative to diesel is an urgent need. In this perspective, biodiesel-diesel fuel blends are currently receiving renewed interest. For this context the use of nano particles like Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Cerium oxide (CeO2) in combination with diesel and biodiesel is an effective measure to substitute renewable fuels and reduce emission for use in diesel engine. In this thesis an experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with diesel (B0), diesel-biodiesel blend (B20), B20+50ppm Al2O3, B20+50ppm CeO2, and B20+50ppm Al2O3+50ppm CeO2 fuels. The Biodiesel was prepared from the cotton seed oil through transesterification process. Properties like density and kinematic viscosity were evaluated for these blends. Engine tests were conducted to get the comparative measures of performance like; Brake power (Pb), Brake torque (Tb) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions such as CO, CO2, HC, and oxygen concentration for all test fuels. From the experiment the brake power of the engine for the nanoparticles dispersed test fuels (B20+50ppmAl2O3, B20+50ppm CeO2, and B20+50ppmAl2O3+50ppm CeO2) significantly improved by 6.3%, 4.3%, 17.9% respectively. Similarly the engine brake torque of the engine was improved when using B20+50ppmAl2O3+50ppm CeO2 fuel compared to diesel fuel. Furthermore the engine BSFC of B20 is higher than all the test fuels; however the addition of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles improved the BSFC of the engine. Moreover for B20, B20+50ppm Al2O3, B20+50ppm CeO2 and B20+50ppm Al2O3+50ppm CeO2 fuels the emissions of carbon monoxide reduced by 6.7%, 11.2%, 9.7% and 23.2% and emissions of carbon dioxide reduced by 4.6%, 8.1%, 8.8% and 14.8% as compared with petro diesel (B0) fuel. Additionally HC emissions from all cotton seed biodiesel blended (B20, B20+50ppm Al2O3, B20 + 50ppm CeO2, B20 + 50ppm Al2O3 + 50ppm CeO2) fuels are lower than that of the diesel (B0) fuel. In general the experimental results showed that B20+50ppm Al2O3+50ppm CeO2 test fuel has a better performance and emission improvements than the all other test fuels.