Synthesis And Characterization Of Green Binder From Cassava Root As Input For Paper Packaging Industries

Abstract

Starch Is A Renewable, Biodegradable, And Relatively Inexpensive Natural Polymer That Originates From Different Plant Sources Which Attracted Much Attention In Applications Of Food, Binders , Additives, And Adhesives, Because Of Its Non-Toxicity, Renewability, Abundance, And Good Adhesion. It Is Widely Used In The Paper Packaging Industry But, It Cannot Provide Sufficient Strength And Durability Required For Packaging Material, Because, It Consist Of Long Chains Of Glucose Units That Are Held Together By Relatively Weak Intermolecular Forces. Native Starch Also Reacts Easily With Water Molecules To Form Hydrogen Bonds, Leading To Poor Water Resistance. Non-Renewable Petroleum-Based Synthetic Binders, Such As Polyvinyl Acetate Or Sb And Sa Latex Binders, Have Been Widely Utilized As Binders In Paper And Packaging Applications To Increase Mechanical Qualities. In Comparison To Their Sustainable Equivalents, Non-Biodegradable Polymers Hinder The Biodegradability Of Paper And Make Recycling More Difficult. Additionally, The Prices Are Expensive. Therefore, It Is Found Essential To Modify Starch To Upgrade Its Binder Performance For Different Applications And To Replace Petroleum Derivative Adhesives Which Contain Carcinogenic, Hazardous, And Toxic Compounds Of Formaldehyde. In This Study, The Starch Of Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) Was Extracted Using A Modified Procedure, And Its Functional Modification Was Done By The Oxidation Method. The Oxidized Starch With Different Degrees Of Oxidation (Do) Was Prepared By Reacting Native Cassava Starch With Hydrogen Peroxide Using Copper(???) Sulfate Pentahydrate As The Catalyst.The Experiment Was Designed By Central Composite Design With Three Factors (The Reaction Temperature, Reaction Time And Catalyst Loading) That Affect The Degree Of Oxidation. The Experiment Found That The Optimal Degree Of Oxidation Was 56.1%.The Ft-Ir Analysis Confirmed The Introduction Of The Carbonyl Group In The Oxidized Starches Through A Band At1695 Cm-1. X-Ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysis Of Oxidized Starch Showed That The Crystal Structure Of Native Starch Was Changed To An Amorphous State. Scanning Electron Microscopy(Sem) Suggested That Starch Granules Start To Rupture Different Sizes Of Cracks Are Formed OnTheir Surfaces When Oxidation Takes Place And Eroded Surface Appearances Are Observed To Make A Rougher Surface Than Native Starch. The Thermal Analysis Of The Native And Oxidized Starch Was Studied Using Thermo Gravimetric (Tga) Analysis And Differential Thermal Analysis(Dtg), It Was Found That The Thermal Stability Of Oxidized Starch Depends On The Degree Of Oxidation. This Characterization Confirmed The Occurrence Of Structural Modification On Native Cassava Starch (Ncs) Due To The Introduction Of The Carbonyl Group. The Sample Paper, Produced Using Oxidized Starch As A Sizing Agent, Was Shown To Have A Base Weight Of 126G/M??, Burst Strength Of 2.7 Kg/Cm??, Breaking Length Of 3915 M, Tear Factor Of 126.9 M Nm??/Gm,Tensile Strength Of 7.4 Kg, And Porosity Of 13 Sec. The Sample Paper, When Using OxidizedS tarch Adhesive, Was Shown To Have Burst Strength Of 8.5 Kg/Cm?? And Crush Strength Of 28 Lb,Exceeding The Standard Values Of 7.8 Kg/Cm?? And 25 Lb, Respectively. This Demonstrated Improved Performance In Both Metrics.