Object-Based Image Analysis For The Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Urban Informal Settlements: The Case Of Dembela Sub City Of Adama, Ethiopia

Abstract

Informal Settlements Are A Global Concern Driven By Rapid Urbanization And Socioeconomic Challenges, Particularly In Developing Countries. Factors Such As Rapid Urbanization, Highland Prices, Lack Of Affordable Housing, And Economic Disadvantages Contribute To Thegrowth Of Informal Settlements. The Study Analyzed The Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of Informal settlements In Dembela Sub City, From 2012 To 2021 Using Object-Based Image Analysis(OBIA). Aerial Photographs Were Used To Detect Changes In The Spatial Extent Of Informal settlements, And Qualitative And Quantitative Data Were Collected Through Structured questionnaires To Gain Insights Into The Patterns Of Informal Settlements In The Study Area .OBIA Methods Were Employed, And Ecognition Software Was Used To Classify Built-Up Andnon-Built Areas. The Results Revealed A Significant Expansion Of The Built-Up Class, Leading Toan Increase In The Area Occupied By Informal Settlements, Particularly At The Expense Of agriculture And Bare Land Classes. Specifically, The Area Representing Informal Settlements was 35 Hectares In 2012, Which Increased To 54 Hectares In 2017, And Further Expanded To79 Hectares In 2021, Indicating A 3% Increase From 2012. The Overall Accuracy Of The classification Was Determined To Be 96.5% With An Overall Kappa Coefficient Of 0.95. The results From Interview Indicate That, The Lack Of Access To Formal Land Was The Most Significant driving Factor, Accounting For 32.4% Of The Responses. This Was Followed By The Absence Offormal Land Transfer By The Government (16.7%), Migration From Rural Areas (11.8%), And existing Land Lease Policies (10.8%). Unplanned Development Activities Contributed To About9.8% Of The Driving Factors. The Study Concludes That The Object-Based Image Analysis(OBIA) Method Offers A More Comprehensive And Contextual Approach To Remote Sensingdata Analysis Compared To Other Methods. OBIA Considers The Spatial Relationships And properties Of Objects Within The Image, Leading To Improved Classification Accuracy And Theability To Incorporate Ancillary Data For A More Robust And Interpretable Analysis.