Design Of Particle Swarm Optimized Two-Degree-Of-Freedom Pid Controllers For Automatic Load Frequency Control Of Two Area Hydro-Hydro Power Plants

Abstract

In Power Systems That Are Interconnected, Any Sudden Small Load Change In Any Of The Powersystems In The Interconnected Grid Causes The Deviation Of Tie-Line Power And Area Frequency.Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) Plays A Very Important Role In Automaticgeneration Control (AGC) To Maintain System Frequency And Active Power Flow At Theirscheduled Values During Any Load Perturbation. In This Thesis, A Two-Degree-Of-Freedomproportional-Integral-Derivative (TDOF-PID) Controller Is Proposed And Successfully Appliedfor ALFC Of Two Interconnected Hydropower Systems. The Objective Is To Control The Frequencydeviation By Maintaining The Real Power Balance Using The TDOF-PID Controller. The TDOF-PID Controller, Integrated With A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Effectively Addressesthe Issues Of Frequency Deviation And Tie-Line Power Deviation, Which Have A Significant Impacton Power System Stability And Quality. The TDOF-PID Controller Has Demonstrated Exceptionalperformance In Managing The Power Balance And Maintaining System Stability In The Two-Areainterconnected Hydropower System. Compared To An Uncontrolled System, The TDOF-PID-Psocontroller Exhibits Remarkable Improvements Across Various Metrics. It Exhibits Extremely Lowintegral Absolute Error (IAE) And Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) Values, Even For Large20% Load Changes In Either Area, Indicating Excellent Load Disturbance Rejection Capabilities.The Frequency Deviations In Both Areas Are Kept To A Minimum, With Changes In The Range Of -0.02 Hz To -2.03 Hz, Even For The 20% Load Changes, Which Is Within The Acceptable Frequencyrange According To Ethiopian Electric Power For Power Quality And System Reliability. Thecontroller Also Demonstrates Effective Management Of The Tie-Line Power Exchange Between Thetwo Areas, With A Maximum Tie-Line Power Deviation Of Only 0.086 Per Unit, Even For Largedisturbances. In Addition To Stability And Reliability, The TDOF-PID-PSO Controller Showspromise In Terms Of Economic Dispatch And Efficiency, As Indicated By The Low IAE And Itaevalues. The Controller's Performance Remains Consistent And Effective Under Both Small (1%)And Large (20%) Load Changes, Demonstrating Its Robustness And Adaptability. It Is Concludedthat The TDOF-PID-PSO Controller Has Proven To Be An Exceptional Solution For Managing Thetie-Line Power Balance And Ensuring The Stability And Reliability Of The Two-Area Interconnectedhydropower System. Its Sophisticated Control Strategies And Adaptability Make It A Highlyrecommended Solution For This Critical Power System Application